In the age of big data, social media has emerged as a prime example of a representative and relevant data source. The rapid expansion of the Internet has given rise to a new breed of individuals—or maybe a whole new social order—that is enthralled by the prospect of connecting with others via shared experiences and information. Facebook, Instagram, Google, Tumblr, Flickr, Twitter, and LinkedIn are just a few of the many prominent online programmes and websites that contribute to social media data. This data has expanded to several domains, including e-commerce, e-business, e-tourism, hobbies, friendship, education, health, and day-to-day employment. New and intriguing problems have emerged in fields such as social media and networks as a result of the merging of big data technology with conventional machine learning algorithms. Issues with data processing, storage, and representation, as well as its usage for pattern mining, user behaviour analysis, data visualisation,